Example:
You’re studying whether smokers get lung cancer more than non-smokers.
Group Cancer (yes) Cancer (no) Odds
Smokers 40 60 40/60 = 0.67
Non-smokers 10 90 10/90 = 0.11
Odds ratio = 0.67 / 0.11 = ~6.1
→ Smokers have 6x the odds of getting cancer compared to non-smokers.