This is the correct option
No, it will not affect it. This is basically syncing with Anki to the cloud.
You upload to Ankiweb so all your current progress (which is on your laptop) will be saved. Then, on your phone, you click download from ankiweb.
Think of ankiweb as being in the sky, if you send it up (upload) from your computer, then you will need to download (bring it down from the sky) on your phone.
TLDR: it basically saves your progress, so if you do cards on multiple devices, they can sync seamlessly without any issues.
This FAQ post can clarify it further for you if you are interested: Should I click upload to ankiweb or download from ankiweb?